• Newspapers have taken the brunt of the impact, with a 42% loss of advertising revenue in the second quarter of 2020, for example. Layoffs, mergers, furloughs pay cuts, print reductions, budget cuts, and closures all took their toll

• A good estimate of media layoffs puts the number at 37,000 media workers who were laid off, were furloughed or lost pay

• More than 160 outlets made changes — read cuts — to print issues

• More than 60 news outlets shuttered their operations

The Tow Center for Digital Journalism was established in 2010 and operates within Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism. It serves as a research and development center for the profession as a whole.